Error Performance Estimation of Modulated Retroreflective Transdermal Optical Wireless Links with Diversity under Generalized Pointing Errors

Recent developments in both optical wireless communication (OWC) systems and implanted medical devices (IMDs) have introduced transdermal (TOW) technology as a viable candidate for extremely high-speed in-body to out-of-body data transmissions, which are growing demand many vital biomedical applications, including telemetry with implants, health monitoring, neural recording prostheses. Nevertheless, this emerging modality is primarily hindered by skin-induced attenuation of the propagating signal bit carrier along its stochastic misalignment-induced fading. Thus, considering typical modulated retroreflective (MRR) TOW system spatial diversity optimal combining (OC) reception work, we focus, first time MRR literature, on nature generalized pointing errors non-zero boresight (NZB). Specifically, under these circumstances, novel analytical mathematical expressions were derived total average error rate (BER) various configurations. Their results revealed significant outage performance enhancements when was utilized. Moreover, taking into consideration pathloss effects NZB errors, critical signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) metric evaluated power spectral-density values.